{"id":51,"date":"2024-12-12T21:55:33","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T13:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/?p=51"},"modified":"2025-03-03T06:59:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T22:59:07","slug":"linux%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%ae%80%e4%bb%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/?p=51","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u4ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>
    \n\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>
    \n\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u6302\u8f7d<\/strong>
    \nLinux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff08\u5982 \/mnt<\/code>\uff09\u5c06\u5206\u533a\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\u5173\u8054\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\uff08Superblock\uff09<\/strong>
    \n\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n

    Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528 \u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/<\/code> \u4e3a\u9876\u5c42\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4ece \/<\/code> \u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u76ee\u5f55<\/th>\n\u4f5c\u7528<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \/<\/code><\/td>\n\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/home<\/code><\/td>\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5982 \/home\/username<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/root<\/code><\/td>\n\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/bin<\/code><\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982 ls<\/code>\u3001cat<\/code>\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/sbin<\/code><\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982 reboot<\/code>\u3001fdisk<\/code>\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/etc<\/code><\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/var<\/code><\/td>\n\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\/var\/log<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\/var\/cache<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/tmp<\/code><\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/usr<\/code><\/td>\n\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u5730\uff08\u5982 \/usr\/bin<\/code>\u3001\/usr\/lib<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/lib<\/code><\/td>\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982 libc.so<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a \/bin<\/code> \u548c \/sbin<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/dev<\/code><\/td>\n\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u786c\u76d8\uff08\/dev\/sda<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\uff08\/dev\/tty<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/proc<\/code><\/td>\n\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u5185\u6838\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/sys<\/code><\/td>\n\u4e0e \/proc<\/code> \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/mnt<\/code><\/td>\n\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u5728\u6b64\u6302\u8f7d\u989d\u5916\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/media<\/code><\/td>\n\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff08\u5982 U \u76d8\u3001\u5149\u76d8\uff09\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \/opt<\/code><\/td>\n\u53ef\u9009\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u4e09\u3001Linux \u652f\u6301\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n

    Linux \u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/th>\n\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    ext4<\/strong><\/td>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9 ext3 \u548c ext2\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ext3<\/strong><\/td>\next2 \u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ext2<\/strong><\/td>\n\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    XFS<\/strong><\/td>\n\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Btrfs<\/strong><\/td>\n\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u7167\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u5b50\u5377\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    FAT32<\/strong><\/td>\n\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff08>4GB\uff09\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    exFAT<\/strong><\/td>\nFAT32 \u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e U \u76d8\u7b49\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NTFS<\/strong><\/td>\nWindows \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u6301 Linux \u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ISO 9660<\/strong><\/td>\n\u5149\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Swap<\/strong><\/td>\n\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    \u56db\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>
      \n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650\uff08\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff09\u548c\u4e09\u79cd\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7ec4\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff09\u3002
      \n\u793a\u4f8b\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
      -rw-r--r-- 1<\/span> user<\/span> group<\/span> 1234<\/span> Dec 12<\/span> 12<\/span>:34<\/span> file.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \u6302\u8f7d\u4e0e\u5378\u8f7d<\/strong>
      \n\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3002
      \n\u6302\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
      mount \/dev\/sda1 \/mnt<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      \u5378\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
      umount \/mnt<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>
      \n\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982 ext3\/ext4\uff09\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
    4. inode<\/strong>
      \n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684 inode\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u6743\u9650\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
      \u4e94\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\n
        \n
        df<\/span> -h<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
        \u6216<\/p>\n
        \n
        mount<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\n
        \n
        mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sda1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\n
        \n
        fsck \/dev\/sda1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\n
        \n
        du<\/span> -sh \/path\/to\/directory<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      5. \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6302\u8f7d Swap<\/strong>\n
        \n
        mkswap \/dev\/sda2\r\nswapon \/dev\/sda2<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
        \u516d\u3001Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee5\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n
        2. \u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u5206\u533a\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n
        3. \u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n
        4. \u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
        5. \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u5feb\u7167\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
          \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
          Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6302\u8f7d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          Linux \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52,"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coiio.eu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}